Genesis 14

¹ And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;

² That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar.

³ All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea.

⁴ Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

⁵ And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim,

⁶ And the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilderness.

⁷ And they returned, and came to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar.

⁸ And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela the same is Zoar; and they joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim;

⁹ With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five.

¹⁰ And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain.

¹¹ And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way.

¹² And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.

¹³ And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram.

¹⁴ And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan.

¹⁵ And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.

¹⁶ And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people.

¹⁷ And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale.

¹⁸ And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.

¹⁹ And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth:

²⁰ And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all.

²¹ And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.

²² And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth,

²³ That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich:

²⁴ Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.

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QUESTIONS WORTH EXPLORING

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Can the kings in Genesis 14 be identified historically?

WHAT REMAINS UNCERTAIN

Many proposals have tried to connect Amraphel, Chedorlaomer, Arioch, and Tidal with known rulers or names from Mesopotamian sources. No proposed set of identifications has gained broad agreement, so similarities in names should be treated as possibilities rather than confirmations.

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Where was the Valley of Siddim?

WHAT REMAINS UNCERTAIN

Genesis associates the Valley of Siddim with the Salt Sea and describes bitumen pits in the battle zone. The Dead Sea setting is clear at a broad level, but reconstructing the exact ancient landscape and city locations remains difficult.

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Who is Melchizedek, king of Salem?

WHAT REMAINS UNCERTAIN

Melchizedek appears briefly as king of Salem and priest of El Elyon, blesses Abram, and receives a tenth. His precise historical identity is unknown; the passage itself is the best starting point before moving into later Jewish and Christian interpretations.

WORTH A CLOSER LOOK

Maps & Geography

The Dead Sea and Jordan corridor

A regional map helps orient the Salt Sea, Jordan Valley, hill country, and routes that frame the coalition campaign and Abram’s pursuit.

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History & Daily Life1

• Elam: The Ancient High CountryWorld History Encyclopedia

  Relevant to Chedorlaomer king of Elam in Genesis 14; gives ancient Near Eastern background for Elam as a major regional power.

Maps & Timeline1

• Elam MapWorld History Encyclopedia

  Actual map showing the area of the Elamite Empire and neighboring regions; useful for visualizing the eastern power connected to Genesis 14.

Language & Literature1

• Genesis 14 NET Bible Translation NotesNET Bible

  Translation and study notes for Genesis 14, including Melchizedek, El Elyon, “possessor/creator of heaven and earth,” tithe, and ancient place-name wording.

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